The term 'stress'–coined in 1936–has many definitions, but until now has lacked a
theoretical foundation. Here we present an information-theoretic approach–based on the …

In this review, we summarize findings supporting the existence of multiple behavioral
strategies for controlling reward-related behavior, including a dichotomy between the goal …

Why does performing certain tasks cause the aversive experience of mental effort and
concomitant deterioration in task performance? One explanation posits a physical resource …

Humans are set apart from other animals by many elements of advanced cognition and
behaviour, including language, judgement and reasoning. What is special about the human …

When has the world changed enough to warrant a new approach? The answer depends on
current needs, behavioral flexibility and prior knowledge about the environment. Formal …

Decision making under risk is central to human behavior. Economic decision theory
suggests that value, risk, and risk aversion influence choice behavior. Although previous …

We investigated how different subregions of rodent prefrontal cortex contribute to value-
based decision making, by comparing neural signals related to animal's choice, its outcome …

When someone asks,“How do you feel?”, your answer includes your bodily feelings as well
as your emotional feelings. Influential models of emotion view the embodiment of emotions …

Cannabis use during adolescence increases the risk of developing psychotic disorders later
in life. However, the neurobiological processes underlying this relationship are unknown …

A central question in behavioral science is how we select among choice alternatives to
obtain consistently the most beneficial outcomes. Three variables are particularly important …