Recent interest in animal cultures has been fuelled by high-profile reports of intra-and
interpopulation differences in the behavioural repertoires of primates and cetaceans …

Phylogeography is a discipline concerned with various relationships between gene
genealogies—phylogenetics—and geography. The word “phylogeography” was coined in …

Noninvasive samples are useful for molecular genetic analyses of wild animal populations.
However, the low DNA content of such samples makes DNA amplification difficult, and there …

The main hypotheses proposed to explain barrier formation separating populations and
causing the differentiation of species in Amazonia during the course of geological history are …

Phylogenetic trees for the four extant species of African hominoids are presented, based on
mtDNA control region-1 sequences from 1,158 unique haplotypes. We include 83 new …

Population and group-specific behavioral differences have been taken as evidence for
animal cultures [1–10], a notion that remains controversial. Skeptics argue that ecological or …

Humans are only one of the species produced by the hominoid evolutionary radiation.
Common and pygmy chimpanzees (our closest relatives), gorillas, orangutans, and the …

This book describes one of our closest relatives, the orangutan, and the only extant great
ape in Asia. It is increasingly clear that orangutan populations show extensive variation in …

Male chimpanzees produce a species‐typical call, the pant hoot, to communicate to
conspecifics over long‐distances. Calls given by males from the well‐known Gombe and …

Bonobos are large, highly mobile primates living in the relatively undisturbed, contiguous
forest south of the Congo River. Accordingly, gene flow among populations is assumed to be …