This article is based on a consensus conference, promoted and supported by the
International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN), which took place in Siena (Italy) …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive treatment for adolescent major
depressive disorder (MDD). Existing evidence on the efficacy of TMS in adolescent MDD …

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique
involving administration of well-tolerated electrical current to the brain through scalp …

Physiological and psychological stressors can exert wide-ranging effects on the human
brain and behavior. Research has improved understanding of how the sympatho-adreno …

Objective Although relatively costly and non-scalable, non-invasive neuromodulation
interventions are treatment alternatives for neuropsychiatric disorders. The recent …

Objectives We investigated the role of peripheral biomarkers associated with neuroplasticity
and immune-inflammatory processes on the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation …

Repetitive magnetic stimulation (rMS) has been suggested as a non-invasive treatment for
various neurological or psychiatric diseases. Contrary to the application previously used, the …

Introduction: Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a complex, multifactorial, and
biologically heterogeneous disorder with debilitating outcomes. Understanding individual …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a widely used non-invasive brain stimulation
technique. It represents an exciting new frontier in neuroscience research and can be used …

Emerging evidence indicates that synaptic plasticity is significantly involved in the
pathophysiology and treatment of perinatal depression. Animal models have demonstrated …