While promising, PD-L1 expression on tumor tissues as assessed by immunohistochemistry
has been shown to be an imperfect biomarker that only applies to a limited number of …

Exosomes, small yet vital extracellular vesicles, play an integral role in intercellular
communication. They transport critical components, such as proteins, lipid bilayers, DNA …

Cancer immunotherapy (CIT) that targets the tumor immune microenvironment is regarded
as a revolutionary advancement in the fight against cancer. The success and failure of CIT …

Background Emerging evidence has highlighted the importance of extracellular vesicle (EV)-
based biomarkers of resistance to immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic …

Inhibitory checkpoint molecules include programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), programmed cell
death ligand-1 (PD-L1), cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), human endogenous …

Simple Summary Immunotherapy, most notably immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has
revolutionized the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although …

Therapies that modulate immune response to cancer, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors,
began an intense development a few years ago; however, in breast cancer (BC), the results …

The use of targeted agents and immunotherapy for the treatment of advanced non-small-cell
lung cancer (NSCLC) has made it mandatory to characterize tumor tissue for patient …

Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive human neoplasms responsible for the
majority of skin cancer-related deaths in its advanced stages. Achieving a thorough …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have brought impressive clinical benefits in a variety of
malignancies over the past years, which dramatically revolutionized the cancer treatment …