Even though studies have shown that prenatal maternal stress is associated with increased
reactivity of the HPA axis, the association between prenatal maternal stress and fetal …

Stress experienced during ontogeny can have profound effects on the adult phenotype.
However, stress can also be experienced intergenerationally, where an offspring's …

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are central mediators of vertebrate responses to intrinsic and extrinsic
stimuli. Among the sources of variation in circulating GCs are transgenerational effects …

Long-term parental separation can lead to altered behavioral and physical development in
human children. Rodent models are popular for studying parent–child separation, and …

Phenotypic plasticity has been identified as a major mechanism of response to changing
temperatures. Parental effects are potentially important drivers of ecological and …