Scleractinian (hard) corals are fundamental to the geomorphology, biodiversity, and
structure of coral reef ecosystems (Goreau 1963, Hoegh-Guldberg 2004, Pratchett et al …

Resilience is usually defined as the capacity of an ecosystem to absorb disturbance without
shifting to an alternative state and losing function and services [1–3]. The concept therefore …

Coral reef declines have been recorded for all major tropical ocean basins since the 1980s,
averaging approximately 30-50% reductions in reef cover globally. These losses are a result …

Global stressors, including climate change, are a major threat to ecosystems, but they
cannot be halted by local actions. Ecosystem management is thus attempting to compensate …

Introduction This chapter synthesizes the scientific literature on the detection and attribution
of observed changes in natural and human systems in response to observed recent climate …

Identifying the type and strength of interactions between local anthropogenic and other
stressors can help to set achievable management targets for degraded marine ecosystems …

Tropical coral reefs harbour a reservoir of enormous biodiversity that is increasingly
threatened by direct human activities and indirect global climate shifts. Emerging coral …

Ocean warming and acidification from increasing levels of atmospheric CO2 represent major
global threats to coral reefs, and are in many regions exacerbated by local‐scale …

Tropical forests and coral reefs host a disproportionately large share of global biodiversity
and provide ecosystem functions and services used by millions of people. Yet, ongoing …

During recent decades, many tropical reefs have transitioned from coral to macroalgal
dominance. These community shifts increase the frequency of algal–coral interactions and …