The demonstration that dopamine loss is the key pathological feature of Parkinson's disease
(PD), and the subsequent introduction of levodopa have revolutionalized the field of PD …

Since their discovery in the mammalian brain, it has been apparent that serotonin (5-HT)
and dopamine (DA) interactions play a key role in normal and abnormal behavior …

The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is an important source of neuromodulators and has been
implicated in a wide variety of behavioral and neurological disorders. The DRN is …

The striatum integrates information from multiple brain regions to shape motor learning. The
two major projection cell types in striatum target different downstream basal ganglia targets …

Background Antidepressants-induced movement disorders are rare and imperfectly known
adverse drug reactions. The risk may differ between different antidepressants and …

Brain serotonergic circuitries interact with other neurotransmitter systems on a multitude of
different molecular levels. In humans, as in other mammalian species, serotonin (5-HT) …

Background Brainstem-focused mechanisms supporting transcutaneous auricular VNS
(taVNS) effects are not well understood, particularly in humans. We employed ultrahigh field …

The rodent whisker system is widely used as a model system for investigating sensorimotor
integration, neural mechanisms of complex cognitive tasks, neural development, and …

Historically, Parkinson's disease (PD) was defined as a pure movement disorder. Currently,
it is widely accepted that this disease is also characterized by nonmotor signs, such as …

The external globus pallidus (GP e) of the basal ganglia is in a unique and powerful position
to influence processing of motor information by virtue of its widespread projections to all …