Sex differences exist in chronic pain pathologies, and gonadal estradiol (E2) alters the pain
sensation. The nocisensor transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor plays a …

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a high-risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to impaired
insulin signaling pathway in brain. Capsaicin is a specific transient receptor potential …

TRPA1 is a cation channel located on the plasma membrane of many types of human and
animal cells, including skin sensory neurons and epithelial cells of the intestine, lungs …

Odontoblasts are the dental pulp cells responsible for the formation of dentin. In addition,
accumulating data strongly suggest that they can also function as sensory cells that mediate …

Diabetes mellitus and obesity, which is a major risk factor in the development of type 2
diabetes mellitus, have reached epidemic proportions worldwide including the USA. The …

Background and Purpose The mechanism of the anti‐migraine action of extracts of butterbur
[Petasites hybridus (L.) Gaertn.] is unknown. Here, we investigated the ability of isopetasin, a …

Orexin/hypocretin peptide (orexin-A and orexin-B) signaling is believed to take place via the
two G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), named OX 1 and OX 2 orexin receptors, as …

The lungs are essential for gas exchange and serve as the gateways of our body to the
external environment. They are easily accessible for drugs from both sides, the airways and …

The ability to safely control transgene expression with simple synthetic gene switches is
critical for effective gene-and cell-based therapies. In the present study, the signaling …

Transient receptor potential (TRP) family proteins form tetrameric nonselective cation
channels. Upon activation, TRP channels depolarize the membrane potential, which can …