Estrogens are the hormones of reproduction in women as well as of many other important
functions in the male and female body. They undergo significant changes in the different …

Women have increased vulnerability to PTSD and anxiety disorders compared to men.
Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of these disorders is critical for identifying …

Sex differences are found across brain regions, behaviors, and brain diseases. Sexual
differentiation of the brain is initiated prenatally but it continues throughout life, as a result of …

Women constitute half of the world's population, yet neuroscience research does not serve
the sexes equally. Fifty years of preclinical animal evidence documents the tightly-coupled …

Neuroinflammation, for which microglia are the predominant contributors, is a significant risk
factor for cognitive dysfunction. Riboflavin (also known as vitamin B2) ameliorates cognitive …

Women that become mothers face notable physiological adaptations during this life-period.
Neuroimaging studies of the last decade have provided grounded evidence that women's …

Various antidepressants are commonly used to treat depression and anxiety disorders, and
sex differences have been identified in their efficacy and side effects. Steroids, such as …

The activity of neurons in the rodent hippocampus contributes to diverse behaviors, with the
activity of ventral hippocampal neurons affecting behaviors related to anxiety and emotion …

Navigating to goal locations in a known environment (wayfinding) can be accomplished by
different strategies, notably by taking habitual, well‐learned routes (response strategy) or by …

Sex hormones, such as androgens, estrogens and progestins are naturally occurring
compounds that tightly regulate endocrine systems in a variety of living organisms …