The midbrain dopamine system is a sophisticated hub that integrates diverse inputs to
control multiple physiological functions, including locomotion, motivation, cognition, reward …

Biological sex disparities manifest at various stages of drug addiction, including craving,
substance abuse, abstinence, and relapse. These discrepancies are underpinned by …

Efficient control of feeding behavior requires the coordinated adjustment of complex
motivational and affective neurocircuits. Neuropeptides from energy-sensing hypothalamic …

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Fructus Aurantii (FA), a well-known
phytomedicine, has been employed to evoke antidepressant and prokinetic multi-functions …

Background The recent global increase in obesity rates, coupled with excessive palatable
food (PF) consumption, has become a serious societal concern. Literature indicates that …

Purpose Evaluate for perturbed signaling pathways associated with subgroups of patients
with low versus high levels of state anxiety. These pathways were compared to the pathways …

Abstract Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) is an umbrella term encompassing a wide
array of addictive behaviors that affect individuals across diverse spectra of society. Our …

Behavioral flexibility, the capacity to adapt behavior in response to changes in the
environment or internal state, is a fundamental aspect of animal behavior, essential for …