Abstract Background In 2004, tuberculosis (TB) was responsible for 2.5% of global mortality
(among men 3.1%; among women 1.8%) and 2.2% of global burden of disease (men 2.7%; …

Background It has long been evident that there is an association between alcohol use and
risk of tuberculosis. It has not been established to what extent this association is confounded …

Alcohol exposure, and particularly chronic heavy drinking, affects all components of the
adaptive immune system. Studies both in humans and in animal models determined that …

Background: Multiple line of clinical and experimental evidence demonstrates that both
acute, moderate, and chronic, excessive alcohol use result in various abnormalities in the …

Drinking alcohol, even in moderation, can affect the immune system. Studies have shown
disproportionate effects of alcohol on circulating and tissue-resident myeloid cells …

It has long been known that people with alcohol use disorder (AUD) not only may develop
physical dependence but also may experience devastating long-term health problems. The …

Several lines of evidence have suggested that iron is critical for Mycobacterium tuberculosis
growth in macrophages. Macrophage iron loading in patients with African iron overload …

Bacterial pneumonia is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in
immunocompromised populations, including the alcohol-abusing patient. Furthermore …

Globally, an estimated 107 million people have an alcohol use disorder (AUD) leading to 2.8
million premature deaths each year. Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death …

CD4+ T cell differentiation to pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive subsets depends on
immunometabolism. Pro-inflammatory CD4+ subsets rely on glycolysis, while …