Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease of unknown origin
that usually results in death from secondary respiratory failure within 2–5 years of diagnosis …

Accumulating evidences demonstrate that long-term exposure to atmospheric fine particles
and air pollutants elevates the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) …

Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is fibrotic lung disease with no effective
treatment. It is characterized by destruction of alveolar structure and pulmonary interstitial …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a long-lasting, continuously advancing, and irrevocable
interstitial lung disorder with an obscure origin and inadequately comprehended …

Fatty acid metabolism, including the de novo synthesis, uptake, oxidation, and derivation of
fatty acids, plays several important roles at cellular and organ levels. Recent studies have …

Mechanical stress plays a critical role among development, functional maturation, and
pathogenesis of pulmonary tissues, especially for the alveolar epithelial cells and vascular …

Lung fibrosis is a progressive fatal disease in which deregulated wound healing of lung
epithelial cells drives progressive fibrotic changes. Persistent lung injury due to oxidative …

Ferroptosis is an iron‐dependent regulated necrosis characterized by the peroxidation
damage of lipid molecular containing unsaturated fatty acid long chain on the cell …

Mesenchymal cells in the lung are crucial during development, but also contribute to the
pathogenesis of fibrotic disorders, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the most …

Abstract Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process by which epithelial cells
undergo a phenotypic conversion that leads to myofibroblast formation, plays a crucial role …