Substance P (SP) is a tachykinin expressed by various cells in the nervous and immune
systems. SP is predominantly released by neurons and exerts its biological and …

Chronic pain syndrome is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by several
pathological mechanisms. One in five adults in Europe may experience chronic pain. In …

Nacre, exhibiting excellent mechanical strengths due to its hierarchical structures, becomes
a potential model to design bone implants. Herein, we firstly fabricated nacre-mimetic …

Prolotherapy is widely used in pain control and tissue repair in pain medicine. The classical
mode is injection with hypertonic dextrose in muscle or perimysium. However, the analgesic …

Depression and pain disorders share a high degree of comorbidity. Inflammatory
mechanisms play an important role in the pathogenesis of depression‐chronic somatic pain …

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the role of substance P (SP) and its receptor
neurokinin 1 (NK1R) on ocular surface pain. Methods: Eight-week-old C57BL6/N (wild type …

Rhythmic breathing is generated by neural circuits located in the brainstem. At its core is the
preBötzinger Complex (preBötC), a region of the medulla, necessary for the generation of …

Previous studies have indicated a complex interplay between the nitric oxide (NO) pain
signaling pathways and hormonal signaling pathways in the body. This article delineates the …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease that is rarely
diagnosed at an early stage. Although the understanding of PD-related mechanisms has …

Purpose To test long-term ocular toxicity and analgesic/anti-inflammatory efficacy of two
novel ocular formulations of neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) antagonist Aprepitant. Methods …