Chemoresistance of cancer cells is a major problem in treating cancer. Knowledge of how
cancer cells may die or resist cancer drugs is critical to providing certain strategies to …

Cancer is a complex disease resulting from the genetic and epigenetic disruption of normal
cells. The mechanistic understanding of the pathways involved in tumor transformation has …

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers in females and is responsible for the
highest cancer-related deaths following lung cancer. The complex tumor microenvironment …

Cancer therapy through anticancer drugs and radiotherapy is associated with several side
effects as well as tumor resistance to therapy. The genotoxic effects of chemotherapy and …

Immune system interactions within the tumour have a key role in the resistance or
sensitization of cancer cells to anti-cancer agents. On the other hand, activation of the …

Cancer resistance to therapy is a big issue in cancer therapy. Tumours may develop some
mechanisms to reduce the induction of cell death, thus stimulating tumour growth. Cancer …

The incidence of cancer has been growing worldwide. Better survival rates following the
administration of novel drugs and new combination therapies may concomitantly cause …

Oral cancers consist of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and other malignancies in the
mouth with varying degrees of invasion and differentiation. For many years, different …

Immune reactions are involved in both tumour and normal tissue in response to therapy.
Elevated secretion of certain chemokines, exosomes and cytokines triggers inflammation …

Cancer resistance to anti-tumour agents has been one of the serious challenges in different
types of cancer treatment. Usually, an increase in the cell death markers can predict a higher …