Organoids are in vitro–cultured three-dimensional structures that recapitulate key aspects of
in vivo organs. They can be established from pluripotent stem cells and from adult stem …

Glioblastomas exhibit vast inter-and intra-tumoral heterogeneity, complicating the
development of effective therapeutic strategies. Current in vitro models are limited in …

Drug development is a long process whose main content includes drug synthesis, drug
delivery, and drug evaluation. Compared with conventional drug development procedures …

The mammalian liver possesses a remarkable regenerative ability. Two modes of damage
response have been described:(1) The" oval cell" response emanates from the biliary tree …

Liver cirrhosis is a major cause of death worldwide and is characterized by extensive
fibrosis. There are currently no effective antifibrotic therapies available. To obtain a better …

Bladder cancer is the fifth most prevalent cancer in the US, yet is understudied, and few
laboratory models exist that reflect the biology of the human disease. Here, we describe a …

In vitro 3D organoid systems have revolutionized the modeling of organ development and
diseases in a dish. Fluorescence microscopy has contributed to the characterization of the …

Kidney tumours are among the most common solid tumours in children, comprising distinct
subtypes differing in many aspects, including cell-of-origin, genetics, and pathology. Pre …

Endometrial disorders represent a major gynaecological burden. Current research models
fail to recapitulate the nature and heterogeneity of these diseases, thereby hampering …

Patient‐derived tumour xenografts and tumour organoids have become important preclinical
model systems for cancer research. Both models maintain key features from their parental …