A higher incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is found in males compared to females.
Young women (18–44 years) with CRC have a better survival outcome compared to men of …

Estrogens influence many physiological processes in mammals, including but not limited to
reproduction, cardiovascular health, bone integrity, cognition, and behavior. Given this …

Upon binding their cognate receptors, ERα (ESR1) and ERβ (ESR2), estrogens activate
intracellular signaling cascades that have important consequences for cellular behavior …

Worldwide, colorectal cancer has a higher incidence rate in men than in women, suggesting
a protective role for sex hormones in the development of the disease. Preclinical data …

Tumor suppressor p53 maintains genome stability by regulating diverse cellular functions
including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence and metabolic homeostasis. Mutations in …

Colon cancer incidence and mortality rates are lower in females compared with males, and
numerous epidemiological studies suggest that estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) …

The temporal and tissue-specific actions of estrogen are mediated by estrogen receptors α
and β. The ERs are steroid hormone receptors that modulate the transcription of target …

Epidemiological data suggest a protective effect for estrogen replacement therapy on colon
cancer. The estrogen receptor (ER) is required for the action of estrogen. The ER-β isoform …

The involvement of estrogen and its receptors in the development of cancer has been known
for years. However, the exact mechanism responsible is far from clear. The estrogen …

The capability of 17β‐estradiol (E2) to induce the non‐genomic activities of its receptors
(ERα and ERβ) and to evoke different signaling pathways committed to the regulation of cell …