Humans are increasingly recognized as important players in predator–prey dynamics by
modifying landscapes. This trend has been well‐documented for large mammal …

People have unique sets of direct sensory interactions with wild species, which change
through their days, weeks, seasons, and lifetimes. Despite having important influences on …

Outdoor recreation is widespread, with uncertain effects on wildlife. The human shield
hypothesis (HSH) suggests that recreation could have differential effects on predators and …

Outdoor recreation is increasing rapidly on public lands, with potential consequences for
wildlife communities. Recreation can induce shifts in wildlife activity and habitat use, but …

Humans can markedly alter the temporal activity of wildlife. The ecological consequences of
such temporal shifts are poorly understood but can lead to reduced fitness, increased …

Providing outdoor recreational opportunities to people and protecting wildlife are dual goals
of many land managers. However, recreation is associated with negative effects on wildlife …

Recreational activities often result in a spatial and/or temporal activity shift in wildlife. With
the concurrent development of outdoor activities and increase in temperatures due to …

Recreation is known to impact wildlife by displacing and sometimes contributing to the
extirpation of sensitive species, underscoring a need for policies that balance wildlife and …

Ecotourism management can draw on theory and data related to non‐consumptive effects of
risk on wildlife. The asset protection principle (APP) predicts that variable food supply and its …

Vultures are obligate diurnal scavengers, albeit nocturnal feeding has been reported a few
times. The temporal expansion of the trophic niche could potentially offer relief from …