Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are essential enzymes for protein synthesis with
evolutionarily conserved enzymatic mechanisms. Despite their similarity across organisms …

The myelination of axons by glial cells was the last major step in the evolution of cells in the
vertebrate nervous system, and white-matter tracts are key to the architecture of the …

Cerebral organoids provide an accessible system for investigations of cellular composition,
interactions, and organization but have lacked oligodendrocytes, the myelinating glia of the …

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells are highly specialized glial cells that wrap axons with
a multilayered myelin membrane for rapid impulse conduction. Investigators have recently …

Adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases (AONDs) comprise a heterogeneous group of
neurological disorders characterized by a progressive, age-dependent decline in neuronal …

Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) is a rare leukodystrophy caused by mutation of the
proteolipid protein 1 gene. Defective oligodendrocytes in PMD fail to myelinate axons …

Fast-transmitting vertebrate axons are electrically insulated with multiple layers of
nonconductive plasma membrane of glial cell origin, termed myelin. The myelin membrane …

Myelinating cells, oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous
system produce an enormous amount of plasma membrane during the myelination process …

Loss of function following injury to the CNS is worsened by secondary degeneration of
neurons and glia surrounding the injury and is initiated by oxidative damage. However, it is …

Hypomyelinating leukodystrophies (HMLs) are disorders involving aberrant myelin
formation. The prototype of primary HMLs is the X-linked Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease …