Calcium ions function as a key second messenger ion in eukaryotes. Spatially and
temporally defined cytoplasmic Ca2+ signals are shaped through the concerted activity of …

Plants are subjected to a plethora of environmental cues that cause extreme losses to crop
productivity. Due to fluctuating environmental conditions, plants encounter difficulties in …

Content Summary 414 I. Introduction 415 II. Ca2+ importer and exporter in plants 415 III. The
Ca2+ decoding toolkit in plants 415 IV. Mechanisms of Ca2+ signal decoding 417 V …

In nature, plants constantly have to face pathogen attacks. However, plant disease rarely
occurs due to efficient immune systems possessed by the host plants. Pathogens are …

To counter pathogen invasion, plants have evolved a large number of immune receptors,
including membrane-resident pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular …

The calcium-based intracellular signalling system is used ubiquitously to couple
extracellular stimuli to their characteristic intracellular responses. It is becoming clear from …

Abstract Calcium (Ca 2+) is an essential macronutrient as well as a second messenger in
diverse biological processes in plants. Plants perceive various stimuli which leads to …

Since the first recordings of single potassium channel activities in the plasma membrane of
guard cells more than 25 years ago, patch-clamp studies discovered a variety of ion …

Pollen tubes grow rapidly by very fast rates and reach extended lengths to bring about
fertilization during plant reproduction. The pollen tube grows exclusively at its tip …

Abstract The calcium (Ca+ 2) molecules being an important intracellular messenger are
involved in various signal transduction mechanisms in plants. Many external stimuli such as …