Damage to the central nervous system (CNS) elicits the activation of both astrocytes and
microglia. This review is focused on the principal features that characterize the activation of …

Corneal transplantation is the most successful solid organ transplantation performed in
humans. The extraordinary success of orthotopic corneal allografts, in both humans and …

Interest in the role of peptides in the nervous system was sparked 20 years ago when
Guillemin, Schally, and their colleagues first identified the peptidergic nature of the …

Efficient transcriptional programming promises to open new frontiers in regenerative
medicine. However, mechanisms by which programming factors transform cell fate are …

Astrocyte activation is a ubiquitous hallmark of the damaged brain and has been suggested
to play an important regulatory role in the activation, survival, and regeneration of adjacent …

Since the discovery of galanin (GAL) in 1983 (Tatemoto et al., 1983) numerous anatomical,
physiological and pharmacological investigations have demonstrated that the peptide is …

Inner ear efferent neurons are part of a descending centrifugal pathway from the hindbrain
known across vertebrates as the octavolateralis efferent system. This centrifugal pathway …

There have been several reports on the use of extracorporeal shock waves in the treatment
of pseudarthrosis, calcifying tendinitis, and tendinopathies of the elbow. However, the …

Summary leukemia inhibitory factor &IF; also known as cholinergic differentiation factor) is a
multifunctional cytokine that affects neurons, as well as many other cell types. To examine its …

The interplay between growing axons and the extracellular substrate is pivotal for directing
axonal outgrowth during development and regeneration. Here we show an important role for …