More than 250 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B despite the availability of
highly effective vaccines and oral antivirals. Although innate and adaptive immune cells play …

Platelets are anucleated blood cells derived from bone marrow megakaryocytes and play a
crucial role in hemostasis and thrombosis. Platelets contain specialized storage organelles …

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a leading cause of hepatic inflammation
and damage. The pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is predominantly …

During chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, hepatic fibrosis is a serious pathological
condition caused by virus-induced liver damage. The activation of hepatic stellate cells …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases of central nervous
system (CNS) demyelination. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the …

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T-cell-mediated immunoinflammatory disease. Several studies
have proposed that Escherichia coli (E. coli) may participate in the progress of OLP. In this …

Background Chemokines are critical players in the local immune responses to tumors.
CCL17 (thymus and activation-regulated chemokine, TARC) and CCL22 (macrophage …

Background Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is emerging as a promising cell
therapeutic strategy in acute liver failure (ALF) clinical research. The potency of MSCs to …

The idea of “one airway, one disease” has been gaining importance in the last decade. In
the upper and lower airways, allergic mechanisms interact with each other. In the initial …

T cells play an important role in the clearance of hepatotropic viruses but may also cause
liver injury and contribute to disease progression in chronic hepatitis B and C virus infections …