In the last decades, emissions from road traffic saw a significant drop due to the stricter
regulations for the motor vehicles' exhaust and cleaner technologies for fleets. Therefore …

Abstract Fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) has been the primary air pollutant and the fourth
leading risk factor for disease and death in the world. Exposure to PM2. 5 is related to …

Presence of particulate matters with aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM 2.5) in
the atmosphere is fast increasing in Malaysia due to industrialization and urbanization …

Particulate matter (PM) is a major indicator of urban air quality deterioration due to its impact
on human health, atmospheric visibility and climate change. However, sufficient data on …

The present study investigated PM 1 (aerosol particles with an aerodynamic diameter≤ 1.0
μm) mass concentrations and sixteen (Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, S, Ti …

This study presents the air pollution findings of the submicron (PM1) and fine (PM2. 5)
particulate matter. The submicron particles are entirely absorbed by the human body and …

The human skin is exposed to various environmental factors including solar radiation and
ambient air pollutants. Although, due to its physical and biological properties, the skin …

Objective Exposure to air particulate matter (PM) is associated with chronic inflammatory
and autoimmune diseases. Macrophages are responsible for the regulation of chronic …

Particulate matter (PM) can strongly affect redox biochemistry and therefore induce the
response of the immune system and aggravate the course of autoimmune diseases …

The elemental concentrations of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) have a detrimental
effect on human health in which some elemental species have carcinogenic nature. In India …