Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived, pleiotropic molecule that affects numerous critical functions
in the body. Presently, there are markedly conflicting findings in the literature regarding NO …

Cigarette smoking is often initiated during adolescence and an earlier age of onset is
associated with worse health outcomes later in life. Paradoxically, the transition towards …

Background and Purpose The toll‐like receptor TLR4 is involved in neuropathic pain and in
drug reward and reinforcement. The opioid inactive isomers (+)‐naltrexone and (+) …

Nitric oxide (NO) is just one member of a new class of gaseous signalling molecules with
fundamental actions in biology. In higher vertebrates it has key roles in maintaining …

* Doç. Dr., Gülhane Askeri Tıp Akademisi, Tıbbi Farmakoloji Anabilim Dalı, Deneysel
Psikofarmakoloji Araştırma Ünitesi, ANKARA dial nükleusu, nükleus ambigius, parabrakial …

Agmatine is a polyamine that is produced via decarboxylation of l-arginine by the enzyme
arginine decarboxylase. It binds to various receptors and has been accepted as a novel …

Activation of Toll-like receptors has been linked to neuropathic pain and opioid
dependence.(+)-Naltrexone acts as a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonist and has been …

Rubus chingii Hu has been used as a functional food for a long time. This work was aimed to
identify the anti-inflammatory ingredients from R. chingii by an activity-guided isolation. The …

In this study, we analyzed the anti-inflammatory effects of Angelica dahurica Bentham et
Hooker ethanolic extract (ADEE) on RAW264. 7 cells, to understand the mechanism …

Cholinergic brain activity plays a significant role in memory. Scopolamine a muscarinic
cholinergic antagonist is known to induce impairment in Morris water maze performance, the …