Background Substantial evidence suggests that cognitive deficits might persist after
remission of a major depressive episode. However, results are inconsistent relative to the …

Introduction Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a global psychiatric disorder with no
established biomarker. There is growing evidence that functional near-infrared spectroscopy …

Two decades ago, the introduction of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) into the
field of neuroscience created new opportunities for investigating neural processes within the …

Objective: The authors used resting-state functional connectivity MRI to evaluate brain
networks in patients with refractory and nonrefractory major depressive disorder. Method: In …

Previously we showed that working memory training decreased the discounting of future
rewards in stimulant addicts without affecting a go/no-go task. While a relationship between …

Mitochondria are regarded as the metabolic centers of cells and are integral in many other
cell processes, including the immune response. Each mitochondrion contains numerous …

Frontal lobe dysfunction has been implicated as one of the pathophysiological bases of
bipolar disorder. Detailed time courses of brain activation in the bipolar disorder group were …

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have commonly shown that patients with treatment-
resistant depression (TRD) and treatment-sensitive depression (TSD) demonstrate a …

Purpose: To assess focal cerebral perfusion in patients with refractory depressive disorder
(RDD), patients with nonrefractory depressive disorder (NDD), and healthy control subjects …

Depression is common in older individuals and is associated with high disability and
mortality. A major problem is treatment resistance:> 50% of older patients do not respond to …