INTRODUCTION—Vitamin D deficiency was originally discovered as the cause of rickets
due to lack of exposure to sunshine or vitamin D-rich food. This disease is still endemic in …

Background Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is associated with an increased risk for lifestyle-
related diseases. In Japan, VDD is quite prevalent in all age groups, with its high risk in …

Maternal vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of
preeclampsia. Vascular endothelial dysfunction is a major phenotype of pregnancies with …

Background Vitamin D deficiency is associated with physiologic changes that are similar to
pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Although association of vitamin D and preeclampsia has …

Background: An association between the level of vitamin D and the risk of pregnancy-related
complications remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine concentrations of 25 …

Background The results of previous studies on the effect of vitamin D on the incidence of
preeclampsia are inconsistent. Therefore, the primary objective of the present review was to …

Introduction The vitamin D recommended doses during pregnancy differ between societies.
The WHO guidelines do not recommend routine prenatal supplementation, but they …

Background Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy can cause severe maternal and fetal
acute morbidity and mortality. Women with pre-eclampsia have been found to have …

Background. Placental soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), an antagonist of vascular
endothelial growth factor, is considered an etiological factor of endothelial damage in …

Maternal endothelial dysfunction is a cental feature of preeclampsia (PE), a hypertensive
disorder of pregnancy. Factors in the maternal circulation are thought to contribute to this …