Atmospheric aerosols are complex mixtures of different chemical species, and individual
particles exist in many different shapes and morphologies. Together, these characteristics …

Light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols (LACs), including black carbon and light-absorbing
organic carbon (brown carbon, BrC), have an important role in the Earth system via heating …

Predicting the formation of ice in the atmosphere presents one of the great challenges in
physical sciences with important implications for the chemistry and composition of the …

The Arctic region is a harbinger of global change and is warming at a rate higher than the
global average. While Arctic warming is driven by increases in anthropogenic greenhouse …

Surface tension influences the fraction of atmospheric particles that become cloud droplets.
Although surfactants are an important component of aerosol mass, the surface tension of …

Organic aerosol is ubiquitous in the atmosphere, and impacts climate through the scattering
and absorption of light and through the formation of nuclei for cloud droplets. These aerosol …

Marine aerosols play a critical role in impacting our climate by seeding clouds over the
oceans. Despite decades of research, key questions remain regarding how ocean biological …

Understanding aerosol particle activation is essential for evaluating aerosol indirect effects
(AIEs) on climate. Long-term measurements of aerosol particle activation help to understand …

Aerosol–cloud interactions (ACI) constitute the single largest uncertainty in anthropogenic
radiative forcing. To reduce the uncertainties and gain more confidence in the simulation of …

Tropical, temperate, and boreal forests are critical components of the climate system, and
the ecosystem services they provide are essential for our society (Bona n et al., 1992, Bonan …