Background More and more studies began to explore the hazardous health effects of PM
2.5, but few reported its impacts on stillbirth. The sparse results were inconsistent and …

Villitis of unknown etiology (VUE) is characterized by lympho-histiocytic infiltrates, which are
predominant within the villous stroma. VUE can be of low grade ie affecting less than 10 …

Gestational exposure to ambient fine particles (PM2. 5) increases the risk of stillbirth, but the
related disease burden is unknown, particularly in low-and middle-income countries …

Background Gestational exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) has been reported to be
associated with an increased risk of fetal death in recent studies, but earlier studies in the …

Backgrounds The vulnerability of fetuses differs at different developmental stages, in
response to environmental stressors such as fine particulate matter (PM2. 5), a ubiquitous …

There are approximately 5 million pregnancies per year in the USA, with 1 million ending in
miscarriage (a loss occurring prior to 20 weeks of gestation) and over 20,000 ending in …

Stillbirth affects a large proportion of pregnancies world-wide annually and continues to be a
major public health concern. Several causes of stillbirth have been identified and include …

Introduction Stillbirth is a severe pregnancy complication. Maternal obesity is one of the most
important modifiable risk factors of stillbirth, yet the biological mechanisms behind this …

The results of studies on intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) caused by exposure to fine
particulate matter (PM2. 5) during pregnancy are inconsistent. Further exploration of the …

Introduction: Intrauterine fetal demise affects between 0.4-0.8% of pregnancies worldwide.
This significant adverse pregnancy outcome continues to be poorly understood. In utero …