Inflammation is the defense mechanism of the immune system against harmful stimuli such
as pathogens, toxic compounds, damaged cells, radiation, etc., and is characterized by …

Early disease diagnosis is critical for better management and treatment outcome of patients.
Therefore, diagnostic methods should ideally be accurate, consistent, easy to perform at low …

Trichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic protist that infects the human urogenital tract. During the
infection, trichomonads adhere to the host mucosa, acquire nutrients from the …

In infectious diseases, extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from a pathogen or pathogen-
infected cells can transfer pathogen-derived biomolecules, especially proteins, to target cells …

Abstract The Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016–2030 aims to achieve a 90%
reduction in malaria cases, and strategic planning and execution are crucial for …

Malaria is caused by obligate intracellular parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium.
Red blood cells (RBCs) infected with different stages of Plasmodium spp. release …

One of the major pathophysiologies of malaria is the development of anemia. Although
hemolysis and splenic clearance are well described as causes of malarial anemia …

Liver injury is a common clinical feature of Plasmodium spp. infection and contributes to
multi-organ failure of severe malaria. Malaria-derived exosomes (MD-Exos) have recently …

Babesiosis is a zoonosis and an important blood-borne human parasitic infection, that has
gained attention because of its growing infection rate in humans by transfer from animal …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized throughout scientific communities as
potential vehicles of intercellular communication in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes …