Defective HIV-1 proviruses represent a population of viral genomes that are selected for by
immune pressures, and clonally expanded to dominate the persistent HIV-1 proviral genome …

The development of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been effective in suppressing HIV
replication. However, severe drug toxicities due to the therapy and its failure in targeting the …

One strategy for a functional cure of HIV-1 is “block and lock”, which seeks to permanently
suppress the rebound of quiescent HIV-1 by epigenetic silencing. For the bivalent promoter …

Although tremendous efforts have been made to prevent and treat HIV-1 infection, HIV-
1/AIDS remains a major threat to global human health. The combination antiretroviral …

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has starkly exposed our significantly limited
ability to promptly identify and respond to emergent biological threats. Consequently, there …

Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can robustly control human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the existence of latent HIV in a form of proviral DNA …

There is growing recognition of the diversity of viruses that can infect the cells of the central
nervous system (CNS). While the majority of CNS infections are successfully cleared by the …

CRISPR-Cas technology, discovered originally as a bacterial defense system, has been
extensively repurposed as a powerful tool for genome editing for multiple applications in …

Introduction Gene-editing technology revolutionized vaccine manufacturing and offers a
variety of benefits over traditional vaccinations, such as improved immune response, higher …

CCR5 is a coreceptor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Transplantation of
hematopoietic stem cells homozygous for a 32-bp deletion in CCR5 resulted in a loss of …