Background Studies of agreement examine the distance between readings made by
different devices or observers measuring the same quantity. If the values generated by each …

In several observational contexts where different raters evaluate a set of items, it is common
to assume that all raters draw their scores from the same underlying distribution. However, a …

Background: The purpose of this study was to conduct a linguistic validation of the
velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) Effects on Life Outcome (VELO) instrument for use in …

Objectives Our aim was to motivate apprentices' sonographer needs, to appraise their own
measurements, to reduce inconsistencies within and between operators. Deep knowledge …

OBJECTIVE: Academic achievement (AA) is an important predictor of children's current
health status and future educational attainment, reported life satisfaction, happiness, and …

In various medical settings, new raters are available to take measurements for evaluations of
medical conditions. One may want to use new and existing raters simultaneously or replace …

This study is concerned with the development, testing, and commercialization of an
assessment model for university innovation ecosystems, for use in Asian universities. The …

Multiple raters are often needed to be used interchangeably in practice for measurement or
evaluation. Assessing agreement among these multiple raters via agreement indices are …