Cancer causes the second-highest rate of death world-wide. A major shortcoming inherent
in most of anticancer drugs is their lack of tumor selectivity. Nanodrugs for cancer therapy …

Since cancer stem cells (CSCs) were first identified in leukemia in 1994, they have been
considered promising therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. These cells have self-renewal …

Hypoxia is an important feature of the tumor microenvironment, and is closely associated
with cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metabolism and the tumor immune response. All these …

Glioblastoma (GBM) tumor microenvironment (TME) is a highly heterogeneous and complex
system, which in addition to cancer cells, consists of various resident brain and immune cells …

Tumor targeting by nanomedicine-based therapeutics has emerged as a promising
approach to overcome the lack of specificity of conventional chemotherapeutic agents and to …

Hypoxia is a non-physiological level of oxygen tension, a phenomenon common in a
majority of malignant tumors. Tumor-hypoxia leads to advanced but dysfunctional …

Ten antiangiogenic drugs targeting VEGF or its receptors are approved for cancer treatment.
However, these agents, intended to block tumors' blood supply, may cause hypoxia, which …

Of the deaths attributed to cancer, 90% are due to metastasis, and treatments that prevent or
cure metastasis remain elusive. Emerging data indicate that hypoxia and the extracellular …

Cancer immunotherapy and vaccine development have significantly improved the fight
against cancers. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, particularly in the clinical …

It is generally accepted that metabolism is able to shape the immune response. Only
recently we are gaining awareness that the metabolic crosstalk between different tumor …