Gastric cancer (GC) ranks fifth in global cancer diagnosis and fourth in cancer-related death.
Despite tremendous progress in diagnosis and therapeutic strategies and significant …

Abstract PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is one of the most important signaling pathways involved
in normal cellular processes. Its aberrant activation modulates autophagy, epithelial …

PTEN is a potent tumour suppressor, and its loss of function is frequently observed in both
heritable and sporadic cancers. PTEN has phosphatase-dependent and phosphatase …

Abstract Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are crucial coordinators of intracellular
signalling in response to the extracellular stimulators. Hyperactivation of PI3K signalling …

BACKGROUND Chromatin is the essential medium through which transcription factors,
signaling pathways, and other cues alter gene activity and cellular phenotypes. It assumes …

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is commonly
upregulated in cancers such as in non-small-cell lung cancer, metastatic colorectal cancer …

Genomic aberrations of the PTEN tumour suppressor gene are among the most common in
prostate cancer. Inactivation of PTEN by deletion or mutation is identified in∼ 20% of …

Tumor suppressor genes cooperate with each other in tumors. Three important tumor
suppressor proteins, retinoblastoma (Rb), p53, phosphatase, and tensin homolog deleted …

Hypoxia is a non-physiological level of oxygen tension, a phenomenon common in a
majority of malignant tumors. Tumor-hypoxia leads to advanced but dysfunctional …

The incidence of prostate cancer has been increasing worldwide in recent years. The
GLOBOCAN project showed that prostate cancer was the second most frequently diagnosed …