The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)
pathway is frequently mutated in human cancer. This pathway consists of a small GTP …

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a PI3K-related kinase that regulates cell growth,
proliferation, and survival via mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2. The mTOR …

Background Hairy-cell leukemia (HCL) is a well-defined clinicopathological entity whose
underlying genetic lesion is still obscure. Methods We searched for HCL-associated …

Purpose BRAF mutations occur in non–small-cell lung cancer. Therapies targeting BRAF
mutant tumors have recently been identified. We undertook this study to determine the …

Members of a family of Ru (II)-appended pyrenylethynylene dyads were synthesized,
characterized according to their photophysical and photobiological properties, and …

Recently, the rationale for combining targeted therapy with immunotherapy has come to
light, but our understanding of the immune response during MAPK pathway inhibitor …

Clonal selection and transcriptional reprogramming (eg, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
or phenotype switching) are the predominant theories thought to underlie tumor progression …

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is of great significance in mediating cell signaling
transduction and tumor behaviors. Currently, third-generation inhibitors of EGFR, especially …

The RAF inhibitors vemurafenib and dabrafenib are emerging as the standard of care for
Val600 BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma. These drugs have shown clinical benefit over …

The incidence of malignant melanoma is increasing. The majority of patients are diagnosed
in early stages when the disease is highly curable. However, the more advanced or …