Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is one of the most promising cellulose derivatives. Due to its
characteristic surface properties, mechanical strength, tunable hydrophilicity, viscous …

Biological materials found in Nature such as nacre and bone are well recognized as light‐
weight, strong, and tough structural materials. The remarkable toughness and damage …

Extracellular matrixes (ECMs), such as the cell walls and biofilms, are important for
supporting cell integrity and function and regulating intercellular communication. These …

Chitin (CT), an abundant biopolymer, next to cellulose, constitutes a vital renewable
resource obtained from diverse biological sources. Chitosan (CS), its main derivative, is …

Nanofibrillar materials, such as cellulose, chitin and silk, are highly ordered architectures,
formed through the self-assembly of repetitive building blocks into higher-order structures …

Collagen mineralization is a biological process in many skeletal elements in the animal
kingdom. Examples of these collagen‐based skeletons are the siliceous spicules of glass …

Biopolymer nanofibrils exhibit exceptional mechanical properties with a unique combination
of strength and toughness, while also presenting biological functions that interact with the …

Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer and functions as the main structural
component in a variety of living organisms. In nature, chitin rarely occurs in a pure form, but …

The ability to investigate substances at the molecular level has boosted the search for
materials with outstanding properties for use in medicine. The application of these novel …

Natural polymers are very widespread in the world, which is why it is so important to know
about the possibilities of their use. Chitin is the second most abundant reproducible natural …