The first matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) was discovered in 1962 from the tail of a tadpole by
its ability to degrade collagen. As their name suggests, matrix metalloproteinases are …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of disability and socioeconomic loss worldwide.
However, the current pharmacological approaches used to treat OA are largely palliative …

In addition to their conventional role as a conduit system for gases, nutrients, waste products
or cells, blood vessels in the skeletal system play active roles in controlling multiple aspects …

According to current dogma, chondrocytes and osteoblasts are considered independent
lineages derived from a common osteochondroprogenitor. In endochondral bone formation …

Decades of work have identified the signaling pathways that regulate the differentiation of
chondrocytes during bone formation, from their initial induction from mesenchymal …

The local microenvironment, or niche, of a cancer cell plays important roles in cancer
development. A major component of the niche is the extracellular matrix (ECM), a complex …

The bioavailability of members of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family is
controlled by a number of mechanisms. Bona fide TGF-β is sequestered into the matrix in a …

Osteoarthritis (OA), the most prevalent chronic joint disease, increases in prevalence with
age, and affects majority of individuals over the age of 65 and is a leading musculoskeletal …

Repair following injury involves a range of processes–such as re-epithelialization, scar
formation, angiogenesis, inflammation, and more–that function, often together, to restore …

Much of the mammalian skeleton is composed of bones that originate from cartilage
templates through endochondral ossification. Elucidating the mechanisms that control …