It has been known for decades that degeneration of the locus coeruleus (LC), the major
noradrenergic nucleus in the brain, occurs in both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's …

The locus coeruleus norepinephrine (LC-NE) system plays a broad role in learning and
memory. Here we begin with an overview of the LC-NE system. We then consider how both …

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is widely used to treat drug-resistant epilepsy and
depression. While the precise mechanisms mediating its long-term therapeutic effects are …

Neurodegenerative diseases are a major public health problem worldwide with a wide
spectrum of symptoms and physiological effects. It has been long reported that the …

Detecting novelty is critical to consolidate declarative memories, such as spatial contextual
recognition memory. It has been shown that stored memories, when retrieved, are …

Individual memories are often linked so that the recall of one triggers the recall of another.
For example, contextual memories acquired close in time can be linked, and this is known to …

Animal and human imaging research reported that the presence of cortical Alzheimer's
Disease's (AD) neuropathology, beta-amyloid and neurofibrillary tau, is associated with …

For decades, research into memory decline in human cognitive ageing has focused on
neocortical regions, the hippocampus and dopaminergic neuromodulation. Recent findings …

Background Systemic activation of the immune system can exert detrimental effects on the
central nervous system. Periodontitis, a chronic disease of the oral cavity, is a common …

The central noradrenergic (NA) system is critical for the maintenance of attention, behavioral
flexibility, spatial navigation, and learning and memory, those cognitive functions lost first in …