Background Microbial inhabitants of soils are important to ecosystem and planetary
functions, yet there are large gaps in our knowledge of their diversity and ecology. The …

Founder analysis is a method for analysis of nonrecombining DNA sequence data, with the
aim of identification and dating of migrations into new territory. The method picks out founder …

Gloger's rule is an ecogeographical rule that links animal colouration with climatic variation.
This rule is named after CWL Gloger who was one of the first to summarise the associations …

Reconstruction of phylogenies from molecular data has become an important and
increasingly common approach in systematics. The product of such studies is a gene tree …

Insect mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) genes are used as a model to examine the
within‐gene heterogeneity of evolutionary rate and Its implications for evolutionary analyses …

A goal of phylogeography is to relate patterns of genetic differentiation to potential historical
geographic isolating events. Quaternary glaciations, particularly the one culminating in the …

Patterns of variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) increasingly are being investigated in
threatened or managed species, but not always with clearly defined goals for conservation …

No group of wild mammals so universally captures the emotions of people world-wide than
do wild canids. That emotion can be enchantment and fascination, but it can also be …

Despite taxonomy's 250‐year history, the past 20 years have borne witness to remarkable
advances in technology and techniques, as well as debate. DNA barcoding has generated a …

Lakes and ponds are scattered on Earth's surface as islands in the ocean. The organisms
inhabiting these ecosystems have thus developed strategies to pass the barrier represented …