The concept of bioisosterism and the implementation of bioisosteric replacement is
fundamental to medicinal chemistry. The exploration of bioisosteres is often used to probe …

The CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL) 1 and its receptor CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR) 2
are widely expressed in the peripheral nervous systems (PNS) and central nervous systems …

Chronic pain is a maladaptive condition affecting 7%− 10% of the population worldwide and
can be accompanied by depression, anxiety, and insomnia. In particular, chronic pain is …

Chronic pain has attracted wide interest because it is a major obstacle affecting the quality of
life. Consequently, safe, efficient, and low‐addictive drugs are highly desirable …

Background The pathogenesis of neuropathic pain and the reasons for the prolonged
unhealing remain unknown. Increasing evidence suggests that sex oestrogen differences …

Despite the rapid advance over the past decades to design effective therapeutic
pharmacological interventions, chronic pain remains to be an unresolved healthcare …

The communication between calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and cytokines plays a
prominent role in maintaining trigeminal ganglion (TG) and trigeminovascular sensitization …

Introduction In patients with peripheral neuropathies (PNP), neuropathic pain is present in
50% of the cases, independent of the etiology. The pathophysiology of pain is poorly …

Primary sensory neurons regulate inflammatory processes in innervated regions through
neuro-immune communication. However, how their immune-modulating functions are …

Objective Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of chronic pain, yet OA pain management
remains poor. Age is the strongest predictor of OA development, and mechanisms driving …