Coronary microvascular endothelial dysfunction is both a culprit and a victim of diabetes,
and can accelerate diabetes-related microvascular and macrovascular complications by …

The endothelium is considered to be the gatekeeper of the vessel wall, maintaining and
regulating vascular integrity. In patients with chronic kidney disease, protective endothelial …

Background Approximately half of all women with anginal symptoms and/or signs of
ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) referred for coronary …

Coronary microvascular disease (CMD), which affects the arterioles and capillary
endothelium that regulate myocardial perfusion, is an increasingly recognized source of …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have a lower prevalence in women than men; although, a
higher mortality rate and a poorer prognosis are more common in women. However, there is …

Background Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) has
been and remained a puzzling heterogeneous entity. The index of microcirculatory …

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for new-onset heart failure (HF) and vice versa.
The pathogenesis of new-onset HF in DM is complex and has been largely attributed to the …

Background Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is common and is associated with
unfavorable cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Coronary …

Ischemia with no obstructive arteries (INOCA) is defined as patients with angiographic
evidence of ischemia but no obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) at coronary …

Diabetes microangiopathy, a hallmark complication of diabetes, is characterised by
structural and functional abnormalities within the intricate network of microvessels beyond …