The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is the efferent arm of the inflammatory reflex, a
neural circuit through which the CNS can modulate peripheral immune responses. Signals …

Datura, a genus of medicinal herb from the Solanaceae family, is credited with toxic as well
as medicinal properties. The different plant parts of Datura sp., mainly D. stramonium L …

Using a therapeutic strategy that is free from traditional diagnostic labels and based on the
identification of “treatable traits”(TTs), which are influential in clinical presentations in each …

Background Cinobufagin is the major bufadienolide of Bufonis venenum (Chansu), which
has been traditionally used for the treatment of chronic pain especially cancer pain. The …

Long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonists (LAMAs) are the cornerstone for the treatment
of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); furthermore, tiotropium is approved as …

Since the embryo, the nervous system and immune system have been interacting to regulate
each other's development and working together to resist harmful stimuli. However …

Alveoli are the basic structure of the lungs, consisting of various types of parenchymal and
bone marrow-derived cells including alveolar macrophages. These various types of cells …

Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) has been reported to be protective in
several kinds of disorders through inflammatory suppression. Here, we investigated the role …

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Shenling Baizhu San (SLBZS) is a formula of
traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that enhances the functions of the qi, spleen, and lung …

Isolated airway smooth muscle has been extensively investigated since 1840 to understand
the pharmacology of airway diseases. There has often been poor predictability from murine …