Stress is a primary risk factor for several neuropsychiatric disorders. Evidence from
preclinical models and clinical studies of depression have revealed an array of structural …

The past decade has witnessed exponentially growing interest in the lateral habenula (LHb)
owing to new discoveries relating to its critical role in regulating negatively motivated …

Ketamine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, has revolutionized the
treatment of depression because of its potent, rapid and sustained antidepressant effects …

Clinical studies have demonstrated that a single sub-anesthetic dose of the dissociative
anesthetic ketamine induces rapid and sustained antidepressant actions. Although this …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent psychiatric disease that involves
malfunctions of different cell types in the brain. Accumulating studies started to reveal that …

Enhanced bursting activity of neurons in the lateral habenula (LHb) is essential in driving
depression-like behaviours, but the cause of this increase has been unknown. Here, using a …

Downward social mobility is a well-known mental risk factor for depression, but its neural
mechanism remains elusive. Here, by forcing mice to lose against their subordinates in a …

Social behaviors, how individuals act cooperatively and competitively with conspecifics, are
widely seen across species. Rodents display various social behaviors, and many different …

Alterations in energy metabolism are associated with depression. However, the role of
glycolysis in the pathogenesis of depression and the underlying molecular mechanisms …

Deep brain stimulation has been extensively studied as a therapeutic option for treatment-
resistant depression (TRD). DBS across different targets is associated with on average 60 …