The divalent cation calcium (Ca2+) is considered one of the main second messengers
inside cells and acts as the most prominent signal in a plethora of biological processes. Its …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest organelle of the cell, composed of a
continuous network of sheets and tubules, and is involved in protein, calcium (Ca2+), and …

How do neurons match generation of adenosine triphosphate by mitochondria to the
bioenergetic demands of regenerative activity? Although the subject of speculation, this …

Interneuronal transfer and brain spreading of pathogenic proteins are features of
neurodegenerative diseases. Pathophysiological conditions and mechanisms affecting this …

Aging is the greatest risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD), suggesting that mechanisms
driving the aging process promote PD neurodegeneration. Several lines of evidence support …

The brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been related to dopaminergic degeneration,
and high expression of the angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 receptor (AT1) gene is a marker of …

Midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons exhibit extensive dendritic and axonal arborizations,
but local protein synthesis is not characterized in these neurons. Here, we investigate …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, and
motor dysfunction has been attributed to loss of dopaminergic neurons. However, motor …

An increasing number of the population all around the world suffer from age-associated
neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD). This disorder presents …

The loss of dopamine (DA)-producing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SN)
underlies the core motor symptoms of the progressive movement disorder Parkinson's …