Aquatic environments are identified as an ideal setting for acquisition and dissemination of
antibiotic resistance, and human exposure to antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and …

The environment is contaminated by synthetic contaminants owing to their extensive
applications globally. Hence, the removal of synthetic pollutants (SPs) from the environment …

Biofilms in water environments are thought to be hot spots for horizontal gene transfer (HGT)
of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). ARGs can be spread via HGT, though mechanisms …

Bacteria that cause infections in humans can develop or acquire resistance to antibiotics
commonly used against them 1, 2. Antimicrobial resistance (in bacteria and other microbes) …

Bacteria influence eukaryotic biology as parasitic, commensal or beneficial symbionts. Aside
from these organismal interactions, bacteria have also been important sources of new …

Plasmids mediate the horizontal transmission of genetic information between bacteria,
facilitating their adaptation to multiple environmental conditions. An especially important …

Antibiotic resistance is a serious global threat for public health. Considering the high
abundance of cell-free DNA encoding antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in both clinical …

Antibiotic resistance has created obstacles in the treatment of infectious diseases with
antibiotics. The horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) can exacerbate the …

Antimicrobial resistance has emerged as a global threat to human health. Natural
transformation is an important pathway for horizontal gene transfer, which facilitates the …

The reuse of treated wastewater, in particular for irrigation, is an increasingly common
practice, encouraged by governments and official entities worldwide. Irrigation with …