Ocular diseases seriously affect patients' vision and life quality, with a global morbidity of
over 43 million blindness. However, efficient drug delivery to treat ocular diseases …

Most pharmaceuticals are given using short-acting formulations that require frequent
administration, which can negatively affect patient compliance and increase failure risks …

As a naturally-occurring polysaccharide which could be found in various ophthalmic tissues,
hyaluronic acid (HA) has a wide range of applications in the eye, including treatment of dry …

The major challenge faced by today's pharmacologist and formulation scientist is ocular
drug delivery. Topical eye drop is the most convenient and patient compliant route of drug …

Drug instillation via a topical route is preferred since it is desirable and convenient due to the
noninvasive and easy drug access to different segments of the eye for the treatment of …

Aqueous gels formulated using hydrophilic polymers (hydrogels) along with those based on
stimuli responsive polymers (in situ gelling or gel forming systems) continue to attract …

Topical ocular drug bioavailability is notoriously poor, in the order of 5% or less. This is a
consequence of effective multiple barriers to drug entry, comprising nasolacrimal drainage …

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease defined by elevated blood glucose (BG). DM
is a global epidemic and the prevalence is anticipated to continue to increase. The ocular …

This review covers reservoir-based drug delivery systems that incorporate microtechnology,
with an emphasis on oral, dermal, and implantable systems. Key features of each …

Compared to intravitreal injection, subretinal injection has more direct effects on the
targeting cells in the subretinal space, which provides a new therapeutic method for …