Osteocytes are an ancient cell, appearing in fossilized skeletal remains of early fish and
dinosaurs. Despite its relative high abundance, even in the context of nonskeletal cells, the …

Osteocytes, former osteoblasts encapsulated by mineralized bone matrix, are far from being
passive and metabolically inactive bone cells. Instead, osteocytes are multifunctional and …

The bone is the third most common site of metastasis for a wide range of solid tumors
including lung, breast, prostate, colorectal, thyroid, gynecologic, and melanoma, with 70% of …

The immune and skeletal systems share a variety of molecules, including cytokines,
chemokines, hormones, receptors, and transcription factors. Bone cells interact with immune …

Bone remodeling is essential for adult bone homeostasis. It comprises two phases: bone
formation and resorption. The balance between the two phases is crucial for sustaining bone …

Cellular senescence is a fundamental mechanism by which cells remain metabolically
active yet cease dividing and undergo distinct phenotypic alterations, including upregulation …

For the past two decades, the function of intrabony nerves on bone has been a subject of
intense research, while the function of bone on intrabony nerves is still hidden in the corner …

Bone marrow vascular niches sustain hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and are drastically
remodeled in leukemia to support pathological functions. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) …

Few investigators think of bone as an endocrine gland, even after the discovery that
osteocytes produce circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 that targets the kidney and …

Osteoimmunology peeks into the interaction of bone and the immune system, which has
largely proved to be a multiplex reaction. Osteocytes have been shown to regulate bone …