Dopamine, a principal neurotransmitter, deserves upgrading to 'NeuroImmunotransmitter'
thanks to its multiple, direct and powerful effects on most/all immune cells. Dopamine by …

The second-most common neurodegenerative disease, Parkinson's Disease (PD) has three
hallmarks: dysfunctional dopamine transmission due, at least in part, to dopamine neuron …

Emerging evidence has demonstrated that CD4+ T cells infiltrate into the substantia nigra
(SN) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and in animal models of PD. SN-infiltrated CD4+ T …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia
nigra pars compacta, α-synuclein (α-syn)-rich intraneuronal inclusions (Lewy bodies), and …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder of the CNS characterized by
inflammation, demyelination and axonal loss. Classical evidence in experimental allergic …

Epilepsy affects~ 50 million people. In~ 30% of patients the etiology is unknown, and~ 30%
are unresponsive to anti-epileptic drugs. Intractable epilepsy often leads to multiple seizures …

Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter that induces critical effects in the nervous system and in
many peripheral organs, via 5 dopamine receptors (DRs): D1R–D5R. Dopamine also …

Dopamine (DA) is a crucial transmitter in the neuroimmune network, where it contributes to
the nervous system-immune system interplay as well as in the communication among …

Introduction: Dopamine is a neurotransmitter widely distributed in both the periphery and the
central nervous system (CNS). Its physiological effects are mediated by five closely related G …

The aging process can be influenced by environmental factors, such as the social
environment. The continuous cohabitation of the chronologically old mice with adult animals …