Microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other eukaryotes, play critical roles in
human health. An altered microbiome can be associated with complex diseases …

Immunological niches are focal sites of immune activity that can have varying
microenvironmental features. Hypoxia is a feature of physiological and pathological …

INTRODUCTION Cancer genome studies have contributed to the analysis and discovery of
somatic mutations that drive cancer growth. However, studying the genetic makeup of a …

Abnormal expression of activating/inhibitory receptors leads to natural killer (NK) cells
dysfunction in tumor. Here we show that programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), a well …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of multiple
cancer types, including upper-gastrointestinal (GI) cancers that currently lack effective …

Esophageal cancer (EC) is a disease often marked by aggressive growth and poor
prognosis. Lack of targeted therapies, resistance to chemoradiation therapy, and distant …

Background The poor prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) highlights
the need for novel strategies against this disease. Our previous study suggested the …

Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process seen in eukaryotes and is essentially a
lysosome-dependent protein degradation pathway. The dysregulation of autophagy is often …

Background Emerging evidence has demonstrated that RNA-binding protein dysregulation
is involved in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) progression. However, the role …

Oxygen availability varies throughout the human body in health and disease. Under
physiological conditions, oxygen availability drops from the lungs over the blood stream …