The human gastrointestinal tract is populated with a diverse microbial community. The vast
genetic and metabolic potential of the gut microbiome underpins its ubiquity in nearly every …

Bile acids, mainly ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and its conjugated species
glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) have long …

Microglia-induced neuroinflammation plays a vital role in the etiology and progression of
neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and …

Background Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is a hydrophilic bile acid derivative, which
has been demonstrated to have neuroprotective effects in different neurological disease …

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a common bone metabolic disease, and gut microbiota
(GM) imbalance plays an important role in the development of metabolic bone disease …

Bile acids (BA) are important physiological molecules not only mediating nutrients
absorption and metabolism in peripheral tissues, but exerting neuromodulation effect in the …

Mycotoxins are key risk factors in human food and animal feed. Most of food‐origin
mycotoxins could easily enter the organism and evoke systemic toxic effects, such as …

The burden of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders continues to grow with significant
impacts on human health and social economy worldwide. Increasing clinical and preclinical …

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD)
and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) are brain conditions affecting millions of people …

Background Takeda G protein–coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) is recognized as a promising
target for type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome; its expression has been demonstrated in …