The twenty-first century has witnessed a wave of severe infectious disease outbreaks, not
least the COVID-19 pandemic, which has had a devastating impact on lives and livelihoods …

The most prevalent diseases of our time, non-communicable diseases (NCDs)(including
obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancer) are rising …

Background Older adults (aged≥ 70 years) are at increased risk of severe disease and
death if they develop COVID-19 and are therefore a priority for immunisation should an …

Cytokine storm is an acute hyperinflammatory response that may be responsible for critical
illness in many conditions including viral infections, cancer, sepsis, and multi-organ failure …

The elderly may represent a specific cluster of high-risk patients for developing COVID-19
with rapidly progressive clinical deterioration. Indeed, in older individuals …

The human innate and adaptive immune systems consist of effector cells producing
cytokines (interleukins, interferons, chemokines, and numerous other mediators). Usually, a …

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can
spread rapidly within skilled nursing facilities. After identification of a case of Covid-19 in a …

The world has developed an elaborate global health system as a bulwark against known
and unknown infectious disease threats. The system consists of various formal and informal …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) plays a vital role in maintaining the specialized
microenvironment of the neural tissue. It separates the peripheral circulatory system from the …

Background Immunocompromised individuals are not optimally protected by COVID-19
vaccines and potentially require additional preventive interventions to mitigate the risk of …