The brain is supplied by an elaborate vascular network that originates extracranially and
reaches deep into the brain. The concept of the neurovascular unit provides a useful …

The brain harbors a unique ability to, figuratively speaking, shift its gears. During
wakefulness, the brain is geared fully toward processing information and behaving, while …

Macrophages are important players in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Perivascular
and leptomeningeal macrophages reside near the central nervous system (CNS) …

Throughout the body, lymphatic fluid movement supports critical functions including
clearance of excess fluid and metabolic waste. The glymphatic system is the analog of the …

The glymphatic system is a network of perivascular spaces that promotes movement of
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the brain and clearance of metabolic waste. This fluid …

We review theoretical and numerical models of the glymphatic system, which circulates
cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid around the brain, facilitating solute transport. Models …

The central nervous system is lined by meninges, classically known as dura, arachnoid, and
pia mater. We show the existence of a fourth meningeal layer that compartmentalizes the …

Astrocyte endfeet enwrap the entire vascular tree within the central nervous system, where
they perform important functions in regulating the blood-brain barrier (BBB), cerebral blood …

The glymphatic concept along with the discovery of meningeal lymphatic vessels have, in
recent years, highlighted that fluid is directionally transported within the central nervous …

In the past decade, evidence for a fluid clearance pathway in the central nervous system
known as the glymphatic system has grown. According to the glymphatic system concept …